弓箭曾是狩猎工具,又充当过战斗兵器。弓箭还是许多文化中的一个重要元素。中国古代传说“后羿射日”中,弓箭起着不可替代的作用。“弓”,英语译为 bow;“弓弦”,英语译为 string, bowstring;“箭”,英语译为 arrow。例如:
1. 这个弓箭手带着弓箭。The archer was armed with a bow and arrow.
2. 如果弓弦拉得太紧,它会绷断。If a bowstring is too taut, it will snap.
与拉弓射箭相关的说法包括:搭箭上弦(to fit an arrow to the string/ bowstring),拉弓(to draw a bow/bowstring),射箭(to shoot/discharge an arrow, to let fly an arrow, to loose off an arrow),拉弓射箭(to shoot/discharge an arrow from a bow)。例如:3. 这个弓箭手搭箭上弦,举起弓来。The archer fitted an arrow to the string and lifted the bow.
4. 他朝那只飞鸟射了一箭。He loosed off an arrow at the flying bird.
汉语和英语中有不少源自弓箭的习语。汉语说“开弓没有回头箭”,在这句话里“开弓”的意思就是“箭离弓弦”,英语的译法很多。例如:
5. 开弓没有回头箭。
1) Once an arrow flies off the bow/string/bowstring, there is no turning back.
2) Once an arrow goes off the bow/string/bowstring, there is no turning back.
3) Once an arrow leaves the bow/string/bowstring, there is no turning back.
4) Once an arrow is shot/discharged from the bow/string/bowstring, there is no turning back.
英国中世纪时,弓箭手通常都备有第二条弓弦(another/second string),当第一条弓弦断时可以马上替换。another/a second string to one's bow的比喻意义是another/a second skill or plan that you can use if you need to,喻指“第二手准备”。two/many strings to one's bow则分别喻指“两手准备/两种技能”和“多手准备/多种技能”。例如:
6. 我从来都不会没有活儿干,因为我有多种技能。I'm never out of work because I have so many strings to my bow. 据《环球时报》
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