苗族拉鼓节列入广西“非遗”名录

广西有12个原住民族，每个民族都有自己丰富多彩的节日。能歌善舞的苗族民间传统节日较多，其中，柳州市融水苗族自治县杆洞乡尧告村的拉鼓节今年9月已被列入省级“非遗”名录。“There are twelve indigenous ethnic groups in Guangxi and every group has its own colorful festivals. The Miao people who are good at singing and dancing have more traditional folk festivals. Lagu Festival, which has been included the list of Guangxi intangible cultural heritage in this September, is one of them.”。

拉鼓节是苗族古代祭祀祖先的活动，在苗语里叫“希牛”，源于苗族古代的鼓社，如今成为苗族传统节日，流行于融水县苗族自治县和三江侗族自治县。“Lagu Festival is an ancient ancestor worship activity of the Miao nationality. Lagu is called Xi Niu in Miao language. This festival originated from the drum society system of the Miao nationality in ancient times. Now it has become a traditional festival and it is popular in Rongshui county and Sanjiang county.”。据文献记载，母系氏族向父系氏族过渡的远古，苗族先民为祭祀祖先、消灾辟邪、祈求风调雨顺、五谷丰登，发明了拉鼓。

拉鼓节欢庆活动分大节小节，大节每13年举行一次，届时要杀13头猪，拉一丈三尺长的大鼓；小节每3年举行一次，只杀3头猪，拉五尺长的小鼓。不管大节还是小节，每次庆祝活动时间都会持续三天三夜。“The celebrations of Lagu Festival can be divided into the big festival and the small festival. The big one is held every 13 years, killing 13 pigs and making a 4.3-meter-long drum. The small one is held every 3 years, killing 3 pigs and making a 1.6-meter-long drum. No matter which festival, it takes three days and three nights for each celebration.”。

庆祝活动时，杀猪环节要在半夜进行。如是过大节，则将13头猪关在栏内，选13名青年持刀入栏，一人杀一头。“At the time of celebration, the pig killing part is carried on at midnight. When the big festival comes, 13 pigs are kept in the pigsty. 13 young men enter the pigsty with knives and one man kill one pig.”。谁杀的猪不叫不跳谁就是杀猪能手，如果让猪乱叫乱跳，该名青年会被人取笑。猪杀好煮熟后，将煮熟的猪肉用竹签穿成约半斤重一串，不分主次，每人一串，而拉鼓获胜的队员每人可分得两串。

节日当年之初，首先需要打制一面长形本鼓。鼓是用一根大泡桐木按尺寸锯下，并挖成空心，鼓桶上要钻两个通气孔，两头钉紧牛皮即成。过一次节，用一次鼓，换一次牛皮。

拉鼓一般是人数相等的本寨青年和外寨青年对拉，哪一队青年获胜，就预兆该村寨在这一年内五谷丰登、六畜兴旺。拉鼓前，先由几名寨佬唱三五首吉利歌谣以示开场；拉鼓中，苗族同胞一边拉鼓一边唱村规民约、唱苗族迁徙沿革，也唱民俗情歌等。入夜，姑娘们会与拉鼓青年和杀猪能手一起唱歌，青年们会借此寻找意中人。

拉鼓节庆祝仪式体现了苗族人民对祖先的虔诚信仰与敬畏，表达了村民对美好生活的憧憬和向往。“The celebration ceremony of Lagu Festival reflects the Miao people's faith and reverence toward their ancestors and shows that the villagers long for a better life.”。

本报记者 叶祯/文 黄倩华/翻译

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